Round I
I would like to thank Knight, Turbo and the rest who are responsible for operating TheologyOnline for the opportunity to debate this topic with Jerry. I would like to thank Jerry for discussing this very important issue.
I think it is necessary to lay a foundation for our debate. We must both be careful to define our terms so that we do not end up talking past one another. There are three basic rules for understanding our debate:
1. God is
Gracious to send His Son to die for us.
2. Man must have
Faith.
3. God sometimes
changes the way He asks man to show
Faith.
In other words, a more simplistic question might be, “Has the ‘gospel’ (good news) ever changed?” I would say it has. For example, if a person came to me and said,
“Jeremy, what must I do to be saved?” Would it be reasonable to turn to back to Genesis and say,
“Well, Noah and his family were saved by building an ark. I guess you should build an ark in order to be saved.” We all agree that the previous instruction would be foolish. No one disagrees that the “gospel” for today is, “Believe that Jesus Christ died for our sins, was buried and was resurrected.” However, in the example of Noah, we have no record of Noah “believing” that Jesus Christ would die for Noah’s sins. We have no record of Noah “believing” that Jesus Christ would rise from the dead. We do have a record of Noah showing faith by doing a physical act (Genesis 6:13-22). Because Noah did the “faith work” of building the ark, he was saved physically and spiritually from the flood. I believe that this idea is foundational for our discussion. This simple example shows that God asks men at different times to
show faith in different ways to be saved.
With that said, it is important to define some terms. Those who hold to a belief system similar to Jerry deny one simple truth. God changes the way He deals with man. How does God ask His children of Israel to show that they have faith in Him? God asks them to keep His law. When Moses came down from Sinai, he was not carrying two tablets of grace now was he? Moses was carrying two tablets with God’s law written on them. God instructed Moses and His children to keep His 10 Commandments. God also gave Moses over 600 ordinances, which are known as the Mosaic Law. James refers to this same Mosaic Law as
the perfect law of liberty and
the royal law.
James 1:25
25 But he who looks into the perfect law of liberty and continues in it, and is not a forgetful hearer but a doer of the work, this one will be blessed in what he does.
James 2:8
8 If you really fulfill the royal law according to the Scripture, “You shall love your neighbor as yourself,” you do well;
James clarifies that he is indeed referring to the Mosaic Law by quoting the law (James 2:8, 11). When a debate arises over the “interpretation” of James 2:14-26, I have yet to see either side pick up the
context of James’ exhortation starting in the first chapter. As noted above, James 1:25 clearly shows that the context of James’ discussion is the Mosaic Law. James admonishes his fellow Jews to “look into
the perfect law of liberty,” and to “continue in it.” James carries this idea into the 2nd chapter and continues to admonish his fellow Jewish believers to “fulfill the
royal law according to Scripture.”
James 2
8 If you really fulfill the royal law according to the Scripture, “You shall love your neighbor as yourself,” you do well;
9 but if you show partiality, you commit sin, and are convicted by the law as transgressors.
10 For whoever shall keep the whole law, and yet stumble in one point, he is guilty of all.
11 For He who said, “Do not commit adultery,” also said, “Do not murder.” Now if you do not commit adultery, but you do murder, you have become a transgressor of the law.
12 So speak and so do as those who will be judged by the law of liberty.
James goes on to give us an example of what he has just referred to. I’m sure Jerry is familiar with the passage, so I will not exegete all 13 verses. There are a few that are very important, however.
James 2:14
14 What does it profit, my brethren, if someone says he has faith but does not have works? Can the faith save him?
James is asking a rhetorical question here. The grammatical construction of the verse clearly shows that James is expecting a resounding
”NO!” to his question. James implies that “faith alone” cannot save the man who says he has faith but does not have works.
James 2:17
17 Thus also faith by itself, if it does not have works, is dead.
Many have argued that James 2:14-26 is referring to “a faith that produces good works.” Based on the opening three points of interpretation of this post, James is showing that God asks circumcision believers to show that they have faith by doing physical works. Secondly, we see that the
context of James’ discussion in vv. 14-26 is not simply “good works.” The
context (James 1:25-2:12) clearly shows that the “works” James is referring to are works of the Mosaic Law. The question that will be asked I’m sure is, did the “works” in and of themselves “save” anyone. The answer is, no way… The works they did were in no way magical and did not equal salvation. The works they did were an expression of faith. It was a physical expression that God asked them to do to show that they had faith in Him. James understands being under the law implies having faith in God and doing what God asks. James does not say, “Believe in the death, burial and resurrection of Christ,” but rather admonishes circumcision believers to show their faith by doing the works of the Mosaic Law.
James 2:18
8 But someone will say, “You have faith, and I have works.” Show me your faith without your works, and I will show you my faith by my works.
Again, James’ point is “faith alone” will not cut it. As noted before, the context suggests that James is referring to the Mosaic Law. James understands that God asks circumcision believers to show their faith by keeping God’s law, hence verse 18.
James 2:21-24
21 Was not Abraham our father justified by works when he offered Isaac his son on the altar?
22 Do you see that faith was working together with his works, and by works faith was made perfect?
23 And the Scripture was fulfilled which says, “Abraham believed God, and it was accounted to him for righteousness.” And he was called the friend of God.
24 You see then that a man is justified by works, and not by faith only.
James refers back to a point in Abram / Abraham’s life which is after circumcision. James references Genesis 22 where God asks Abraham to show his faith in a physical way. Abraham “believed” what God told him, by faith. James’ summary of the event is that Abraham was “justified” because Abraham “believed” God by faith and did a physical act. Abraham expressed his post-circumcision faith by doing a physical act.
James 2:25
25 Likewise, was not Rahab the harlot also justified by works when she received the messengers and sent them out another way?
James gives us yet another example of a person who “showed faith in God in a physical way” and was justified by doing a physical act. Under the law, faith was manifested by doing physical acts.
James 2:26
26For as the body without the spirit is dead, so faith without works is dead also.
James concludes with the above summary.
Faith without Mosaic Law works is dead. What is important to understand here is, James was a circumcision believer and a circumcision Apostle. James was a believing Jew, under the law, writing to believing Jews, under the law. Now, how is the above reconciled with the passages Jerry posted?
It is important to understand that Paul was the “uncircumcision Apostle.” Without getting into too many details, God set the nation of Israel aside as His special, chosen people. After Israel rejected His Son, God set Israel aside temporarily (Rom 11:11,15,25). After God is finished dealing with the unprophecied body of Christ, Israel will be brought back in.
When God raised up the Apostle Paul in Acts chapter 9 (hence my name
), He gave Paul a new set of instructions. God gave Paul the gospel of Grace. Paul refers to this gospel as “my gospel” in Romans 16:25. In the body of Christ where there is no Jew nor Greek, nor Slave nor Free, nor Barbarian nor Scythian nor Male nor Female, God no longer requires physical works as an expression of faith. God, when dealing with Israel, asked man to show faith in a physical way. Now, God asks us (the body of Christ) to show our faith by believing in the death, burial and resurrection of Jesus Christ. The gospel for the body of Christ is “Believe in the death, burial and resurrection of Christ,” (1 Cor 15:1-4). This is why I agree with
every Pauline reference Jerry cited. In the body of Christ, “to him who works, the wages are not counted as grace but as debt” (Romans 4:4). The body of Christ is not under the Mosaic Law, but the church that is Israel is under the law.
What is especially interesting to note is that Paul also refers back to a point in Abram / Abraham’s life. What must be understood is that Paul refers back to Abram,
before God required a physical work (circumcision). Here’s what Paul has to say…
Romans 4
1 What then shall we say that Abraham our father has found according to the flesh?
2 For if Abraham was justified by works, he has something to boast about, but not before God.
3 For what does the Scripture say? “Abraham believed God, and it was accounted to him for righteousness.”
4 Now to him who works, the wages are not counted as grace but as debt.
Again, Paul is writing to the body of Christ. We are not under the law. Paul refers back to Abram’s pre-circumcision life where Abram was “justified” by faith alone. What is interesting to ask here is, what did Abram believe by faith?
Genesis 15:5,6
5 Then He brought him outside and said, “Look now toward heaven, and count the stars if you are able to number them.” And He said to him, “So shall your descendants be.”
6 And he believed in the LORD, and He accounted it to him for righteousness.
This is another wonderful example of a man “having faith” in what God told him. Abram did not “believe” that in the future, Jesus Christ would die for him and be resurrected. Abram “believed” that his seed would be like the stars of the sky. When Abram “believed” what God told him, God “accounted it to him for righteousness.”
One thing that must be noted here since it is relevant to Jerry’s post… Abram / Abraham did
not have eternal security. In Genesis 15:6, Abram “believed” his seed would be like the stars of the sky. Unfortunately, Abram had a “flesh trip” and attempted to fulfill God’s promise on his own. Due to lack of space, I ask that our readers look to Genesis 16 to follow along. In short, Abram “went into Hagar” (Gen 16:4) and she bore to him Ishmael when he was 86 years old. Ishmael was not the “promised” son. Abram fell out of favor with God, so God responded with a physical requirement to show Abram’s faith. God
required Abram (who became Abraham after circumcision) to “cut off the flesh of his foreskin” to show his faith. God asked Abraham to circumcise himself when he was 99 years old to signify “no confidence in the flesh” (Philippians 3:3). When Abraham submitted to the physical act of circumcision, he was again in God’s favor. If Abraham had refused to circumcise himself, Abraham would have been “cut off” and died in his sin. Any person who refused circumcision would have broken God’s covenant, and been “cut off.”
To summarize, the uncircumcision gospel is rooted in “justification apart from works” (Genesis 15:6 &
Abram) while the circumcision gospel is rooted in “justification by faith works” (Genesis 17, 22 &
Abraham). Once an understanding is reached that God dealt with Israel under the law where “faith works were necessary” and God is dealing with us, the body of Christ apart from the law where “faith alone” is necessary, then the Bible is much easier to understand. I have lots of material to present, but will save it for later rounds. This ends my positive case for this round…
RESPONSE TO JERRY’S QUESTIONS
1. Why does Peter say (Acts 15:11) “But we believe that through the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ we shall be saved in the same manner as they.”
A couple of points here… Once again, Jerry quotes a verse without considering the context. Circumcision believers as well as uncircumcision believers are both
“justified by faith” in God. Again, point 2 was, “Man must have faith.” Consider the context… Peter is addressing the Jerusalem Council. The
sect of the Pharisees who believed were up in arms because they had heard that God was now accepting Gentiles apart from the law. These were gentile believers who did not proselyte to Judaism…
Acts 15:5
5 But some of the sect of the Pharisees who believed rose up, saying, “It is necessary to circumcise them, and to command them to keep the law of Moses.”
Now, if “works” were never necessary for salvation, where did the
Pharisees who believed come up with the idea that these gentile converts needed to keep the law of Moses and be circumcised? Next, Peter is “called to the carpet” for going to a Gentile’s house.
Acts 15
6 Now the apostles and elders came together to consider this matter.
7 And when there had been much dispute, Peter rose up and said to them: “Men and brethren, you know that a good while ago God chose among us, that by my mouth the Gentiles should hear the word of the gospel and believe.
8 “So God, who knows the heart, acknowledged them by giving them the Holy Spirit, just as He did to us,
9 “and made no distinction between us and them, purifying their hearts by faith.
Notice verse 9. God purified “their hearts” by faith. What’s even more interesting is the fact that Peter identifies two separate, distinct groups of believers. God acknowledged
”them” just as He did
”us.” Peter himself recognizes that there are circumcision believers and uncircumcision believers. God made no distinction
”between us and them, purifying their hearts by faith.” Two groups of believers, purified by faith in God. Now, let’s pick up Jerry’s verse in context…
Acts 15
10 “Now therefore, why do you test God by putting a yoke on the neck of the disciples which neither our fathers nor we were able to bear?
11 “But we believe that through the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ we shall be saved in the same manner as they.”
Again, two groups,
saved by having faith in God. Even James agrees that there are two groups of believers. After there is resolution, James decides to “write to
them” to abstain from certain things.
Acts 15:19
19 “Therefore I judge that we should not trouble those from among the Gentiles who are turning to God,
20 “but that we write to them to abstain from things polluted by idols, from sexual immorality, from things strangled, and from blood.
Whoever these “Gentiles who are turning to God” are, James does not count himself among
”them.” James counts himself with the
”us” Israel. Even though there are two groups of believers, both groups are saved by faith in God. God asks those groups to show faith in different ways…
2. Why should we believe that works were required for the Jewish believers despite the fact that Paul says that the blessing comes on “him that worketh not?”
I addressed that above. Secondly, I must say it again, Paul is writing to the body of Christ. James is writing to circumcision believers.
3. If “eternal life” is a free gift then why should we believe that works are required in order to acquire that free gift?
Unfortunately Jerry, you are mashing together dispensations. You are attempting to universally apply verses that were intended for the body of Christ. Secondly, you misunderstand the point. I am not saying that “works are required” to obtain that free gift. How does one obtain the free gift? By “having faith” in what God tells you. How did Noah acquire God’s free gift? By “having faith” in what God stated. Noah showed that faith by building an ark. How did Jerry acquire God’s free gift? By “having faith” in what God told him. Jerry “had faith” that Jesus Christ dies on the cross, was buried and raised from the dead. Noah and Jerry both “had faith” in God, but showed their faith in different ways. God gave Noah and Jerry the gift of eternal life.
4. If one cannot be saved until the end of a faithful life why are the Jewish believers told that they already possess a life in Jesus Christ that will never end?
Jerry, I can only assume that you are referring to 1 Peter 1:9:
1 Peter 1
9 receiving the end of your faith—the salvation of your souls.
Maybe you are referring to 2 Peter 1:10,11?
2 Peter 1
10 Therefore, brethren, be even more diligent to make your call and election sure, for if you do these things you will never stumble;
11 for so an entrance will be supplied to you abundantly into the everlasting kingdom of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ.
Notice Jerry, if the elect of the circumcision are diligent to “make (their) call and election sure” they will never stumble. An entrance
will be supplied into the everlasting kingdom. “Will be supplied” is the word
epicorhghqhsetai which is a
Future Passive Indicative Third Person Singular. Their entrance is
future tense and is dependant upon their “making their calling and election sure” and “never stumbling.” Now, to answer your question…
What Jerry fails to realize is that the circumcision gospel is a very conditional program. Jerry seems to think that a few verses that imply “possession of eternal life” somehow overrides the entire theme of the OT and a majority of the NT. It was understood that “those who possessed eternal life” did so under conditions. As long as they remained faithful, they possessed eternal life. Again, Jerry doesn’t understand how these terms are applied. Jerry quotes 1 John 5:11 over and over.
1 John 5
11 And this is the testimony: that God has given us eternal life, and this life is in His Son.
Jerry rips this verse out of context and makes it a pre-text. The entire epistle of 1 John is conditional! It does not seem plausible to discount the numerous conditional warnings in 1 John based on one verse. Here are a few examples…
1 John 1
9 If we keep on confessing our sins, He is faithful and just to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness.
John admonishes the circumcision believers to “keep on confessing” their sins. The word here is
omologwmen. This is a Present Active Subjunctive First Person Plural. This shows present, continuous action. Secondly, the grammatical construction is a 3rd Class Condition. This means that John is saying, “Maybe they will keep on confessing, maybe they won’t.” If they do “keep on confessing,” then the last half of the verse is true. If they keep on confessing, Christ is faithful and just to forgive them their sins and to cleanse them from all unrighteousness. If they don’t “keep on confessing,” Christ is not faithful and just to forgive them their sins and to cleanse them from all unrighteousness. 1 John is conditional for circumcision believers.
1 John 2
3 Now by this we know that we know Him, if we keep His commandments.
4 He who says, “I know Him,” and does not keep His commandments, is a liar, and the truth is not in him.
5 But whoever keeps His word, truly the love of God is perfected in him. By this we know that we are in Him.
Jerry fails to interpret 1 John 5:11 within the context of the epistle. John clearly states “we know Him, if we keep His commandments.” If circumcision believers do not keep His commandments, they are liars, and the truth is not in them. I could provide many more examples of the conditionality of 1 John, but this post is already too long. If Jerry wants more proof, he can ask, and I will provide it.
If I have failed to respond to any of your questions Jerry, please ask again.
QUESTIONS FOR JERRY
1. What would have happened to Noah if he refused to build the ark?
2. What would have happened to Abraham if he refused to be circumcised?
3. Does the immediate context of James 2:14-26 suggest “justification by works of the Mosaic Law?”
4. Does God change the way He deals with man for salvation?
I have many more questions for Jerry, but I will save them for later rounds.
In Christ,
--Jeremy Finkenbinder