At the time of Paul's writing, what did the Greek word "ἐπίσκοπον" mean? I am not interested in what church culture claims it means, merely what it meant then. A literal meaning.
ChatGPT said:
In Paul’s time (mid-1st century CE), the Greek word ἐπίσκοπος (epískopos, accusative ἐπίσκοπον) had a clear, ordinary Greek meaning that pre-dated Christian usage. It did not originally carry the later ecclesiastical sense of “bishop.”
Below is what it meant literally and historically in the Greco-Roman world of Paul.
Literal/Core Meaning
ἐπί- + σκοπός → “one who watches over,” “overseer,” “guardian”